格子Boltzmann方法作为一种较成熟的数值模拟方法被广泛应用到了各个领域，尤其在解决多孔介质问题时有其独特的优越性，但当流动问题过于复杂时计算效率较低．因此本文将惯量松弛因子引入到格子Boltzmann方法中，对二维、三维顶盖驱动方腔流动进行了数值模拟．模拟分别从计算效率、计算精度、以及计算稳定性等方面将使用不同惯量松弛因子所得的结果与基准解进行比较，并进行讨论和分析．结果显示当惯量松弛因子取0.03到0.05之间时能使模拟结果在保持较高精度的同时提高计算效率，而且随着惯量松弛因子的增大计算效率提高得也越快，在工程材料与能源环境领域将有着重要应用．

As a robust numerical simulation method, the lattice Boltzmann method has been widely used in various fields, especially in solving the problem of porous media. When the flow problem is too complicated, the calculation efficiency is low. Therefore, the inertia relaxation factor is introduced into the lattice Boltzmann method in this paper. The numerical simulation of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional lid-driven cavity flow are carried out. The simulation compares with the results obtained by using different inertia relaxation factors with the benchmark solutions from the aspects of computational efficiency, calculation accuracy and computational stability. The simulation results can improve the calculation efficiency while maintaining high precision, when the inertia relaxation factor is between 0.03 and 0.05. Then, the calculation efficiency develops with the increase of the inertia relaxation factor. They are important applications in engineering materials and the energy environmental fields.